Oligohydramnios impede normal fetal movement, retarded fetal growth and development leading towards fetal deformities, umbilical cord compression, while in some cases death may happen depending on gestational age. Risk factors of oligohydramnios includes: premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine growth restriction and birth defects. In contrast, AFI of the amniotic volume less than 5 cm is referred as oligohydramnios. Some of these prenatally outcomes include preterm birth, cesarean delivery, placental abruption, fetal malposition, macrosomia, umbilical cord prolapse and maternal respiratory compromise. The degree of increase in the AFV is directly associated with the increase in adverse risk factors on mother and fetus prenatally. Risk factors of polyhydramnios includes: maternal diabetes, fetal heart failure, abnormal swallowing and congenital infection. However, in certain cases Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) of the amniotic fluid volume is greater than 24 cm, the phenomenon is referred as polyhydramnios. Different types of fetal cells are further present which includes skin, respiratory, intestinal, urinary tract and stem cells, hair and blood cells, all of which aid in the growth of fetus.Īmniotic Fluid Volume (AFV) does not change significantly from day to day, but generally it increases with the growth of fetus reaching a peak at 34 weeks of gestation (over 800 mL), after which it may start to decrease. It has antibacterial properties to protect the growing fetus from infection, also it facilitates the exchange of nutrients, water and biochemical products between mother and fetus. It is developed from the membrane plasma by the development of fetus and serves as a protective cushion for the growing fetus. The amniotic fluid is the protective liquid present in the amniotic sac, and mainly composed of water and solids, including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and phospholipids, enzymes, hormones and chemical substances urea, uric acid, creatinine, electrolytes. Maternal and fetal outcome data showed that oligohydramnios associated with gestational age at term and low neonatal birth weight with high rates of vaginal deliveries, while polyhydramnios associated with gestational age at late term and high birth weight with higher rates of CS.
Conclusionĭiabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes are the most important maternal risk factors that can cause amniotic fluid disorders. Other maternal chronic diseases showed no effect on amniotic fluid index, although it might cause other risks on the fetus.
Oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios were found to be associated with diabetes mellitus patients ( P = 0.005), and polyhydramnios with gestational diabetes patients ( P = 0.052). Oligohydramnios was mostly associated with vaginal deliveries ( P = 0.008). The rate of term deliveries was equal in normal AFI and oligohydramnios group ( P = 0.005). A statically significant association was found between polyhydramnios and late term deliveries ( P = 0.005) and cesarean section (CS) rates ( P = 0.008). ResultsĪmong the collected data, 2.8% of the cases had polyhydramnios and 11.7% patients had oligohydramnios. Association of qualitative variables was conducted by Chi-square test, where p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data were collected from electronic medical reports, and was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Sample of 497 pregnant women who received care at King Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz University Hospital (KAAUH) between January 2017 to October 2019 was included. MethodsĪ comparative retrospective cohort study design is followed. This study aims to a) identify the maternal risk factors associated with amniotic fluid disorders, b) assess the effect of amniotic fluid disorders on maternal and fetal outcome c) examine the mode of delivery in pregnancy complicated with amniotic fluid disorders. Second includes oligohydramnios, which refers to decreased AFI i.e., less than 5 cm.
First refers to polyhydramnios, which is an immoderate volume of amniotic fluid with an Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) greater than 24 cm. Two types of amniotic fluid disorders have been identified. The amniotic fluid is a protective liquid present in the amniotic sac.
0 kommentar(er)
